Atrial Fibrillation (aka Afib)

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation, often called AFib, is the most common type of irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia. In AFib, the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles). This can lead to poor blood flow, causing various complications.

What Causes AFib?

While the exact cause of AFib is not always known, several factors can increase its risk:

  • Age

  • High blood pressure

  • Heart disease

  • Diabetes

  • Sleep apnea (snoring)

  • Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

  • Family history

  • Other chronic conditions

Symptoms:

Some people with AFib may not experience any symptoms. However, common symptoms include:

  • Palpitations (feeling of rapid, irregular heartbeat)

  • Fatigue

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

  • Chest pain or discomfort

  • Shortness of breath

  • Weakness or confusion

  • Difficulty exercising

Complications:

If not properly managed, AFib can lead to:

  • Stroke: Because the heart isn't pumping effectively, blood may pool and form clots. If a clot breaks off and travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke.

  • Heart failure: AFib can weaken the heart over time, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively.

Diagnosis & Treatment:

A doctor may use a variety of tests, like an electrocardiogram (ECG), to diagnose AFib.

Treatment aims to reset the rhythm, prevent blood clots, and decrease heart rate. This can be achieved through:

  • Medications: Antiarrhythmic drugs can reset or control the heart rhythm. Blood thinners can reduce the risk of clots.

  • Procedures: Examples include electrical cardioversion (shocking the heart) and catheter ablation (destroying abnormal heart tissue).

  • Lifestyle changes: Limiting caffeine, alcohol, managing stress, and ensuring a balanced diet.

Living with AFib:

Many people with AFib lead full, active lives. By working closely with a healthcare provider, most can manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. Regular medical check-ups, adhering to prescribed treatments, and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle are crucial.

If you believe you have symptoms of AFib or are at risk, consult your doctor. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly reduce complications and improve the quality of life.